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Pamela Ferretti

I’m a postdoctoral scholar in the Laboratory of Prof. Ran Blekhman at the University of Chicago, where I study how the microbiome impacts health in early life leveraging strain-resolved metagenomics and multi-omics data. I am interested in understunding how the interplay between microbiome, diet, and social interactions impacts survival, growth and developmental outcomes in both human and wild animal populations. In particular, my current projects are focused on:

  • Investigating the role of maternal breast milk in modulating infant health leveraging multi-omics data. Breast milk is often an infant’s sole source of nutrition during the first months of life, yet its microbial and molecular composition, and how these components influence the developing gut microbiome and infant health, remain poorly understood. My recent work, showed that microbial strains and antimicrobial resistance genes in breast milk shape the development of the infant gut microbiome and resistome. I am now expanding this research to understand how other components of breast milk influence infant health. This project is in collaboration with Prof. Ellen Demerath at the University of Minnesota.

  • Investigating the transmission of the microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes within hospitals. Hospitals represent a hotspot for the development of antimicrobial resistance and the acquisition of pathobionts during hospitalization can have serious health consequences, especially for vulnerable patients. I’m investigating how infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) acquire microbes and antimicrobial resistance genes, and the factors that shape this process. In addition, I’m studying how these dynamics are impacted by intake of maternal breast milk, donor milk, and formula. This project is in collaboration with the SET Center at the University of Chicago.

  • Understanding how sociality shapes microbiome transmission, and how these dynamics impact offspring survival and long-term health across various wild animal populations. I study these processes in several long term field systems, including wolf packs in Minnesota, baboon troups in the Amboseli Ecosystem (Kenya), and rock hyrax populations in Ein Gedi (Israel). Beyond identifying novel microbial taxa in these wildlife populations, I investigate how environmental change, including increasing proximity to human settlements and contact with livestock, shapes microbiome and resistome composition and transmission.

Most Recent News

An overview of all news can be found here.
Mar 12, 2026 Excited to have received the Best Poster award in the “Foundational Research” section at the Human Milk Institute Symposium 2026 in San Diego for my poster titled “Influence of the Breast Milk Microbiome on the Development of the Infant Gut Microbiome and Resistome.”
Feb 11, 2026 Excited to have joined the New mathematical theory in eco-evolutionary modelling of host-symbiont communities workshop as an invited speaker to discuss vertical and horizontal microbiome trasmission.
Jan 8, 2026 The official press release covering our latest study on breast milk microbiome is now online. Check out the In the Media page for the list of media that featured this study.
Dec 22, 2025 Check out our latest study on the human breast milk microbiome and its role in shaping the infant gut microbiome, now published in Nature Communications!
Dec 15, 2025 Our review is now featured in the January issue of Nature Reviews Genetics.

Selected Publications

  1. Assembly, stability, and dynamics of the infant gut microbiome are linked to bacterial strains and functions in mother’s milk
    Pamela Ferretti*, Mattea Allert*, Kelsey Johnson, Marco Rossi, Timothy Heisel, Sara Gonia, Dan Knights, David Fields, Frank Albert, Ellen Demerath, Cheryl Gale, and Ran Blekhman
    Nature communications, 2025
  2. Theory of host-microbe symbioses: challenges and opportunities
    Pamela Ferretti, Maria Martignoni, Lisa McManus, Taom Sakal, Armun Liaghat, Bethany Stevens, Kyle Dahlin, Lucas Souza, Zoe Cardon, Cynthia Silveira, Seth Bordenstein, and Joan Roughgarden
    Cell Host & Microbe, 2025
  3. Genomics of host–microbiome interactions in humans
    Pamela Ferretti, Kelsey Johnson, Sambhawa Priya, and Ran Blekhman
    Nature Reviews Genetics, 2025
  4. SPIRE: a Searchable, Planetary-scale mIcrobiome REsource
    Thomas SB Schmidt*, Anthony Fullam*, Pamela Ferretti, Askarbek Orakov, Oleksandr Maistrenko, Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh, Ivica Letunic, Yiqian Duan, Thea Van Rossum, Shinichi Sunagawa, Daniel Mende, Robert Finn, Michael Kuhn, Luis Pedro Coelho, and Peer Bork
    Nucleic Acids Research, 2023
  5. C. difficile may be overdiagnosed in adults and is a prevalent commensal in infants
    Pamela Ferretti, Jakob Wirbel*, Oleksandr M Maistrenko*, Thea Van Rossum*, Renato Alves, Anthony Fullam, Wasiu Akanni, Christian Schudoma, Anna Schwarz, Roman Thielemann, Leonie Thomas, Stefanie Kandels, Rajna Hercog, Anja Telzerow, Ivica Letunic, Michael Kuhn, Georg Zeller, Thomas SB Schmidt, and Peer Bork
    eLife, 2023
  6. Diversity within species: interpreting strains in microbiomes
    Thea Van Rossum*, Pamela Ferretti*, M. Oleksandr Maistrenko*, and Peer Bork
    Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2020
  7. Mother-to-infant microbial transmission from different body sites shapes the developing infant gut microbiome
    Pamela Ferretti, Edoardo Pasolli, Adrian Tett, Francesco Asnicar, Valentina Gorfer, Sabina Fedi, Federica Armanini, Duy Tin Truong, Serena Manara, Moreno Zolfo, and  others
    Cell host & microbe, 2018